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Sri Lanka has two capitals with distinct roles: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is the official legislative capital, where the Parliament of Sri Lanka is located. Colombo remains the de facto center for executive, judicial, commercial, and diplomatic activities. Official Capital (Administrative) In 1977, the government decided to move the capital from Colombo to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte. The new Parliament building was inaugurated in 1982, marking its official designation as the capital, to relieve congestion in Colombo. The "new" capital is Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, is the house of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and other government institutions. Commercial Capital Colombo is the executive and judicial capital, as well as the largest city and the main hub for business, tourism, and international diplomacy. While many government functions have moved to Kotte, Colombo hosts most embassies, corporations, and cultural institutions. Why does Sri Lanka have Two Capitals? This dual-capital system was introduced to decentralize administration and reduce congestion in Colombo. While Kotte officially became the capital in 1982 (with parliamentary sessions beginning in the new building that year), Colombo continues to function as the practical capital in many respects, especially in business and diplomacy. Technically, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is the official capital. But Colombo is often referred to as the "real" capital due to its economic dominance, international recognition, and urban prominence. Facts about the Historic Capitals of Sri Lanka Below is a list of the old capitals of Sri Lanka: Historical Period Capital City Notes Ancient (4th century BC–11th century AD) Anuradhapura First major capital; center of Buddhism and monarchy Medieval (11th–13th century) Polonnaruwa Followed Anuradhapura, known for its advanced irrigation and architecture Late Medieval (14th–16th century) Kotte Capital of the Kingdom of Kotte; now part of the modern capital Colonial (1815–1948) Colombo Capital under British rule; retained after independence until 1982 So, while Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is the official administrative and legislative capital, Colombo still holds significant importance as the commercial and judicial capital, and is often the city most tourists and international visitors associate with "the capital" due to its size and economic activity.

Nanu Oya (නනු ඔය) is a small town in Sri Lanka's Nuwara Eliya District,  just 8 km from Nuwara Eliya, often referred to as “Little England.”. It is known primarily for its railway station, which acts as a key gateway for travelers heading to Nuwara Eliya and the surrounding tea plantation areas. Quick Keys About Nanu Oya 1. Where is Nanu Oya Located Nanu Oya is nestled amidst lush tea plantations and misty hills in the Nuwara Eliya District of the Central Province. It's located just about 8 kilometers (5 miles) from Nuwara Eliya, making it the primary train station serving this popular tourist destination. 2. Why is Nanu Oya Famous? Train Station A key stop on Sri Lanka’s Main Line railway, connecting Colombo to Badulla Famous for the Kandy–Nanu Oya–Ella train ride, one of the most scenic rail journeys in the world. Gateway to Nuwara Eliya Nanu Oya serves as the closest station to Nuwara Eliya, just 8 km away, with taxis and tuk-tuks available for the final leg. From Nanu Oya, you can take a taxi or tuk-tuk to Nuwara Eliya (15-20 mins). 3. Famous Things to Do & See in Nanu Oya Nanu Oya River: Originates from Pidurutalagala, Sri Lanka’s highest peak, and flows into the Kotmale Oya. Glassaugh Falls (Nanu Oya Waterfall): A ~60 m cascading waterfall of 25 steps, visible from the main road or reachable with a short walk (~1–1.5 km) from town or station. Colonial charm & hiking: The area features colonial-era buildings and scenic walking trails beneath bridges and through tea fields. Tea plantations: Ideal for walks and photography, with panoramic views and fresh mountain air. Near Nanu Oya Visit Nuwara Eliya – Explore tea estates (Pedro Tea Factory), Gregory Lake, and colonial buildings. Horton Plains & World’s End – A stunning trekking spot (~1.5-hour drive). Ride the Kandy-Ella Train – The stretch from Nanu Oya to Ella offers breathtaking hill country views. Travel Tips for Nanu Oya Best Time to Visit: Dec-May (dry season), but April is great for Nuwara Eliya’s flower festivals. Book Train Tickets in Advance: Especially for popular classes like 1st Class Observation Car or 2nd Class Reserved, train tickets on the Main Line (including to/from Nanu Oya) sell out quickly. Book them online or through a local agent well in advance. Sit on the Right Side (Colombo to Nanu Oya): For the best views of mountains and valleys when traveling from Colombo/Kandy towards Nanu Oya. Sit on the Left Side (Nanu Oya to Ella/Badulla): For equally stunning views if continuing your journey further into the highlands. Dress warmly: Especially if traveling during the cooler months or early morning/late evening. In essence, Nanu Oya serves as a charming and essential transport hub for those wishing to immerse themselves in the stunning beauty of Sri Lanka's tea country.

The Kataragama Perahera  (also called the Kataragama Esala Festival) takes place annually in Kataragama, a multi-religious pilgrimage town in the deep south of Sri Lanka. The festival honors God Kataragama (Lord Skanda or Murugan), the Hindu god of war and wisdom, revered by people of various faiths across Sri Lanka. Here are key facts about the Kataragama Perahera festival: What Is the Kataragama Perahera? Type: Religious and cultural procession. Honoring: Lord Kataragama (also known as Murugan in Tamil Hinduism). Date: Held in July or August during the Esala full moon (coincides with Esala Perahera in Kandy). Duration: Around 2 weeks, culminating in the Esala full moon night, with the grandest processions in the final week. The grandest procession takes place on Esala Poya night, the full moon day, marking the climax of the Kataragama festival. Location: Kataragama town, Monaragala District, Uva Province, Sri Lanka. What Happens During the Festival - Highlights of the Festival Fire Walking Ceremony: Devotees walk barefoot over glowing embers as an act of penance and devotion. The fire walking ritual takes place at the Menik Ganga, usually immediately after the main Perahera, marking the close of the festival. Pada Yatra: An ancient pilgrimage route where devotees walk for weeks across the island, especially from Jaffna and eastern provinces, to reach Kataragama in time for the festival. Elephant Processions: Majestic tuskers parade carrying sacred emblems of Lord Kataragama, rather than relics. Piercing Rituals (Kavadi Attam): Devotees pierce cheeks/tongues with skewers in trance-like devotion. Water Cutting Ceremony (Diya Kepeema): Held at the Menik Ganga (River) to bless the land. Kavadi dancers: Devotees dancing with decorated arches on their shoulders. It is a symbolic burden of penance, involving peacock-feathered structures carried on the shoulders. Pilgrimages: Thousands of devotees walk for days from places like Jaffna or Batticaloa to Kataragama, barefoot and fasting. The pilgrimage path is known as the Pada Yatra, an ancient tradition. The Kataragama Perahera festival is one of Sri Lanka’s most emotionally charged festivals. It offers a raw, authentic spiritual experience, especially for those who want to witness ancient traditions still practiced with deep conviction.

Sri Lanka has a total land area of approximately 65,610 square kilometers (25,330 square miles). The island stretches roughly 435 km (270 miles) from north to south and about 240 km (150 miles) from east to west. It also has a coastline that extends approximately 1,340 kilometers (830 miles). The island comprises the main landmass plus dozens of smaller offshore islands contributing to the total area. Additionally, the highest point in Sri Lanka is Pidurutalagala, which rises to 2,524 meters (8,281 feet) above sea level. Size of Sri Lanka in Miles Measurement Details Total Area 65,610 km² (≈ 25,330 square miles) Length (N–S) About 445 km (277 miles) Width (E–W) About 225 km (140 miles) Coastline Around 1,340 km (833 miles) Is Sri Lanka a Big or Small Country? Sri Lanka is considered a small-to-medium-sized country by global standards. It ranks around 120th in the world by area. It's certainly not one of the smallest countries in the world (like Vatican City or Monaco), but it's also far from being a large country. Sri Lanka Compared To Other Countries To put its size into perspective, Sri Lanka is: Roughly comparable in size to the state of West Virginia in the United States. Smaller than countries like Ireland or Tasmania (Australia) Larger than countries like Bhutan, Israel, or Denmark (excluding Greenland) Comparisons with neighboring countries Vs. India: ~1/50th the size of India (3.287 million km²) Vs. Maldives: ~220 times larger than the Maldives (297,8 km²) Despite its relatively small landmass, Sri Lanka boasts an incredible diversity of landscapes with 8 UNESCO sites. Sri Lanka features beaches, rainforests, tea plantations, highlands, ancient cities, and national parks — all within just a few hours' travel.

Sri Lanka's national dish is Rice and Curry. It's not just a meal—it’s a daily ritual, a cultural symbol, and a flavorful feast that reflects the island’s rich culinary heritage. What Is Rice and Curry? Base: Steaming hot, fluffy rice (often a local variety like red rice or Samba rice) forms the foundation. Accompaniments: A typical "Rice and Curry" meal will feature several small, distinct curries. A variety of curries—typically 3 to 5—including: Meat or fish curry: Often a robustly spiced chicken, fish (especially tuna or mackerel), or sometimes beef or goat curry. Vegetable curries: A diverse range of vegetable curries, which can change daily based on seasonality. Common options include pumpkin, brinjal (eggplant), moju (a sweet and sour relish), potato, jackfruit, or green bean curries. Lentil curry (called parippu): A creamy, spiced lentil curry, often made with coconut milk. It's almost always present. Other Accompaniments: Pol Sambol: A fiery, fresh relish made from grated coconut, chili, onions, and lime juice. It adds a crucial burst of fresh flavor and heat. Papadums: Crispy, thin lentil or rice wafers. Achcharu (Pickles) & Chutneys: Tangy or sweet condiments. Mallum: Chopped green leaves often mixed with coconut. Signature Flavors - Heavy use of coconut milk, spices, and herbs like curry leaves, pandan, and lemongrass. - Often includes Maldives fish for umami depth. - Can be vegetarian or non-vegetarian, depending on region and occasion. Why is it the Sri Lanka National Dish? Rice and Curry is a daily staple in Sri Lankan households. It represents hospitality, generosity, and the island's rich agricultural bounty and spice heritage. Rice and Curry is served at weddings, festivals, and family gatherings. Eating it with your hands, mixing the different curries with your rice, is part of the authentic experience. Other Iconic Sri Lankan Dishes Kottu Roti (chopped flatbread stir-fry with veggies/meat). Hoppers (Appa) (bowl-shaped coconut milk pancakes). String Hoppers (Idiyappam) (steamed rice noodle nests). Lamprais (Dutch-influenced baked rice & meat parcel).

No, holidays to Sri Lanka can be relatively affordable, especially compared to many Western destinations or other popular island nations in the Indian Ocean. However, like any travel destination, the overall cost heavily depends on your travel style, season, and preferences. Why is Sri Lanka Often Budget-Friendly? Here's a breakdown of what influences the cost of a holiday to Sri Lanka: Accommodation: Ranges from $10–$30 per night for guesthouses or homestays to $100+ for luxury resorts. Food & Drink: Local meals can cost as little as $1–$3; even mid-range restaurants are usually under $10 per meal. Transport: Buses and trains are very cheap ($0.50–$3 per trip), and tuk-tuks are affordable for short distances. Attractions: Activities & entrance fees for tourists are cheap. Many cultural sites charge $10–$30 for entry, but beaches, temples, and nature are often free or low-cost. Flights: From Europe/US: Round-trip flights typically range from $600–$1,200, depending on the season (peak: Dec–Mar). From Asia/Middle East: Much cheaper (e.g., $200–$500 from India or Dubai). Visa fees: ETA (Electronic Travel Authorization): from $59/person for 30 days (apply online). When Is Sri Lanka Expensive for Vacation? Luxury Resorts: Beachfront villas or 5-star hotels can cost $150–$500 per night. Private Tours: Hiring a car and driver or booking guided safaris can add up. Peak Seasons: Prices rise from December to March and July to August, especially in coastal areas. Flights: International airfare to Sri Lanka can vary depending on your departure city and season. Estimated Total Cost per Person Travel Style Daily Budget Estimates Typical Costs Budget traveler $30–$50/day Hostels, local food, buses Mid-range $70–$150/day Hotels, private transport, tours Luxury < $200+/day 5-star stays, fine dining, private guides Holidays to Sri Lanka are not inherently expensive, especially if you are mindful of your budget and choose local options for food and transport. You can explore ancient ruins, lush tea hills, wildlife safaris, and tropical beaches without breaking the bank.

One of the most picturesque train rides in the world runs through the hill country of Sri Lanka, and in the heart of it is one of the most renowned architectural wonders ever constructed in the teardrop: The Nine Arches Bridge or the Bridge in the Sky. Another tourist spot that should not be missed in Sri Lanka is the famous Nine Arch Bridge. What is the Nine Arches Bridge? The Bridge in the Sky is a colonial viaduct (also known as the Nine Arches Bridge) that connects the Ella and Demodara stations. This structure was completed in 1921 and is a feat of engineering, built using stone, brick, and cement, with no steel. Length: 91 m Height: 24 m Arches: 9 Location: Sri Lanka, near Ella Best viewing point: Viewpoint Ella-side, looking down the tracks Why is the Nine Arch Bridge so popular? Stunning Scenery: Surrounded by tea plantations and dense jungle, the bridge-in-the-sky is another of the most photographed places in Sri Lanka, particularly at sunrise. Cultural Significance: It is also one of the most iconic features of the spectacular Kandy-Ella train route, which stands as a proud testimony to colonial history and the remarkable construct that the hill country of Sri Lanka is. Instagram Popularity: Its blue trains passing through are what make this cloud-catching wonder a social media hit, but beware when you whip out your camera. Why visit the Nine Arch Bridge? This bridge is not just a photo spot; it’s a destination that comes with its own combination of nature, heritage, and local life. Even better transportation is the cost-effective and scenic Kandy to Ella Train (unofficially rated the most beautiful train journey in the world), with its panoramic mountain views, fresh air, and real interaction with locals. The bridge and the journey can yield unforgettable memories for a photographer or a vacationer. How to Get to the Nine Arches Bridge By Train: Take the Kandy–Ella train, then walk roughly 30 minutes from Ella Station to the bridge. By Tuk-Tuk: An easy, cheap ride from Ella town. When to Go: 6:00 to 8:00 in the morning and 4:00 to 6:00 in the evening — great for photos and watching a train go by. Other Notable Train Bridges in Sri Lanka Demodara Loop: An exceptional spiral in the railway track where the line loops under itself. Bogoda Wooden Bridge: This ancient wooden bridge, which one can find near Badulla, lies on the route taken by the former Jaffna-Kataragama railway line, and is of interest from a historical perspective, though it is no longer in use by trains. Conclusion The Nine Arches Bridge is, undoubtedly, the most well-known railway bridge in Sri Lanka. One of the most famous symbols of colonial craftsmanship and natural beauty, it’s a must-see on the itinerary of any visitor to the island’s central highlands. Make sure to plan your visit carefully, and don’t leave your camera at home.

Colombo is located on the western coast of Sri Lanka, stretching along the Indian Ocean. The city serves as a major hub on the railway line that runs in a north-south direction, connecting Colombo to Jaffna — a journey of approximately 400 km. It is Sri Lanka’s biggest city, and is its financial centre and industrial heartland as well as a prime stop for tourists. Where in the world is Colombo? Colombo is the commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka. The official administrative capital is Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, located just a few kilometers east of Colombo. Colombo is located several miles south of the Kelani River and is a key port and trading center. The most important geographic facts are: Geographical Position Region: Western Province Coordinates : 6.9271 N, 79.8612 E Location of Colombo in Sri Lanka The town is situated in the Western Province, about 30 kilometers south of Bandaranaike International Airport (CMB) in Katunayake, the gateway to the country for most visitors arriving by air. Distance to Major Cities from Colombo Kandy: ~115 km (3-hour drive) Galle: 2.5 hours, ~ 120 km Colombo Bandaranaike International Airport (CMB): ~35 km (1 hour drive) Urban Layout The city is divided between proximity to both the coast and the interior, and among its distinct districts are Fort (the central business district), Cinnamon Gardens (a leafy, upscale residential neighborhood and the site of several hotels), and Pettah (a chaotic, colorful market area). Why the Colombo Location Is Important for Tourists? Departure Point for Most Adventures: As the site of Sri Lanka’s busiest airport and seaport, Colombo serves as a gateway for the majority of international visitors. Cultural Mix: The city is a blend of colonial architecture, modern high-rises, temples, and bustling markets. Attractions: Visit Galle Face Green, Gangaramaya Temple, Colombo National Museum, and Pettah Market. How to Reach Colombo? By Air: Colombo is served by Bandaranaike International Airport (CMB) is located 30 km north of the city. By Train: The train services are good and connect to places like Kandy, Galle, and Jaffna. By Road: Connects through expressway from all tourist destinations. The city of Colombo has a lot to offer- from history to the modern day and the beautiful coastal areas! Whether you are wandering its frenetic streets or beach lounging, Colombo is a jumping-off point for the varied experiences of Sri Lanka.

Colombo’s street food is a delicious affirmation of the island’s diverse cultural heritage (a mix of Sinhalese, Tamil, Muslim, and colonial) and its food history. It’s a street food haven for visitors looking for a mouthful of real local flavors. Must-Try Street Food Delights in Colombo Kottu Roti (Sri Lanka (National Street Food)): This is a Sri Lankan dish of shredded roti (also known as godamba roti) stir-fried with vegetables, egg, and your choice of chicken, beef, goat, egg, or cheese. Acharu: A hot and spicy fruit pickle, usually prepared with mango, pineapple, or olive. Egg Hoppers (Appa): A favorite for breakfast or dinner. Made with fermented rice flour and coconut milk, the hoppers are usually served with an egg in the middle (Egg Hoppers), or plain with sambol (chilli paste) and curry. Bombai Muttai: Candy floss, Sri Lankan style, a favourite of locals and tourists alike. Faluda: A cool drink of rose syrup, milk, and basil seeds, ideal for Colombo’s tropical heat. Wade (Vada): Salty, deep-fried lentil or prawn flour fritters. Parippu (lentil) Wade and Isso (Prawn) Wade are common, crispy on the outside, lined with a soft, flavorful filling. Samosas & Patties: A nod to Indian and British fare, these fried pastries packed with seasoned vegetables, fish, or meat make for great grab-and-go snacks. Fresh Fruit Juices & King Coconut: Sip on fresh, tropical juices of your choice and even drink directly from a bright orange King Coconut – you can find these at roadside stalls. Where to Find the Best Street Food in Colombo Galle Face Green: This is a favourite seafront walking place that turns into a hive of activity in the evenings with hundreds of food stalls serving, from hot isso wade to all kinds of seafood. It’s a great place to catch the sunset and have some casual bites. Pettah Market Area: Local bites that won’t break the bank. There, you’ll be inundated with local snacks, sips, and odd treats. Marine Drive, this section on the rail track is windy, well known for having lots of kades & food trucks, and sells seafood and kott, especially a busy place in the evenings. Maradana & Fort area: Quick bites around transportation nodes. Vendors near the main railway station sell casual eats such as fish rolls and samosas — great for those on the go. Eat Street Colombo: A vibrant food market specializing in a range of local and international street food. Bambalapitiya Night Market: After-dark eats for the Colombo nightlife. Tips for Enjoying Colombo Street Food Safely Seek out the Hot Spots: There is nothing like the presence of locals; it usually means things are fresh and good. Cleanliness: Going for stalls that look clean and busier. Consume Bottled Water: Bottled/sealed water should be chosen in every case. Spice Levels: Warning — Sri Lankan food is no stranger to spice! Go inquiring about the spice level if you’re sensitive. Colombo’s street food culture is a tasty intro to the country of Sri Lanka, where bold flavors and colorful experiences wow. Embrace the bold, unfiltered flavors and vibrant energy of Colombo’s street food scene.

Ram Setu (Adam's Bridge) is a legendary network of limestone shoals that connects Pamban Island (India) to Mannar Island (Sri Lanka). Despite its religious, historical, and geological significance, the double name combines Hindu myth and Islamic-Christian lore. Ram Setu vs Adam’s Bridge: What’s the Link? The Name "Ram Setu" According to Hindu legend, it was built by an army of Vanaras (monkey warriors) led by Lord Rama to save Sita, as told in the ancient epic Ramayana. Thus, it is known as Ram Setu or Rama's Bridge. This mythical connection elevates it to the status of a Hindu holy site, attracting people from sites like Rameswaram (India) and the Ramayana Trail in Sri Lanka (e.g., Seetha Amman Temple in Nuwara Eliya). The Name "Adam’s Bridge" Adam’s Bridge is so named in Islamic and Christian tradition. This is the route Adam walked from Sri Lanka’s Adam’s Peak down to the Indian subcontinent after he was expelled from Eden, according to some Islamic legends. During colonial times, British cartographers gave it the name “Adam’s Bridge.” It was widespread in Western maps in the 19th century. Scientific Perspective Geologically, Adam’s Bridge is a 48-km-long series of limestone shoals between Rameswaram (India) and Mannar (Sri Lanka); part of it is above water, and the rest, below, having been created naturally over several millennia. Some groups have proposed Ram Setu for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage list due to its cultural and geological significance, though it is not officially nominated. Geological evidence indicates it was a land connection until 1480 AD, when a cyclone deepened it. Now submerged, some are exposed at low tide. Tourism Importance of Adam's Bridge - Ram Setu For travellers, Adam’s Bridge is a mix of history and mythology, and beauty, which is naturally formed. Today, Ram Setu is an attraction for: Visitors to Rameswaram (India) and Mannar (Sri Lanka). Sri Lanka, where travelers can visit the Ramayana trail, including Seetha Amman Temple in Nuwara Eliya, above, which is associated with the epic. Historians and mythology lovers are touring sacred places. The remnants of the bridge are best viewed via boat from Talaimannar (Sri Lanka) or Rameswaram (India), offering a spectacular view of the ocean. It fascinates nature lovers with its geological creation. The turquoise waters and shoals also make for dramatic photo opportunities, particularly at sunrise or sunset. How to Visit Adam’s Bridge From Sri Lanka: Take a bus or train from Colombo to Mannar Island (approximately 6-7 hours). If you join a local boat tour from Talaimannar, you can see the bridge; however, swimming or walking on the shoals is not allowed for environmental reasons. From India: Arrive via Rameswaram, a four-hour train journey from Chennai. You can also safely view the underwater shoals on glass-bottom boat tours. Best Time: Go during the dry season (December to April) for calm seas and sunny skies. Conclusion Recalling that it is called Adam’s Bridge or Ram Setu since it serves two cultural narratives — sacred in Hindu mythology as Rama’s bridge to Lanka, and in Islamic tradition as Adam’s span from Eden. For travelers, a fascinating place where mythology, religious faith, and geological science converge across the waters that separate India and Sri Lanka.